Restoring the New Testament Church
by Paul McClung
Every church has its own peculiar
plea. The peculiar plea of the church
of Christ is for a complete
restoration of the church which was established on the first Pentecost after
the resurrection of Christ in the city of Jerusalem
(Acts 2). Everyone familiar with the
New Testament knows that the twelve apostles were the charter members of this
church and that three thousand souls were added unto them at the close of the
first sermon which was preached by Peter (Acts
2:41, 47).
Not a Denomination
This church of which the apostles
were the charter members was not a denomination. What is a denomination? A denomination is a party, division, class or
sect. The dictionary defines a sect as a
faction of dissenters who have pulled off from an established or orthodox church, holding to a particular creed or
practice. If the church established by
Christ and his apostles in Jerusalem
on Pentecost was a denomination, I ask from what parent or orthodox
church did they pull off? The
church established there was the parent and orthodox church
itself. Christ came into this world for
the purpose of establishing his own church. In Matthew 16:18, Jesus says, “Upon
this rock I will build my church; and the gates of hell shall not prevail
against it.” He did not come into
the world to simply pull off a group of dissenters from a church which had
already been established.
Blood-Purchased Church
Before Christ
could establish his church he had to die on the cross and shed his blood for
it. Acts
20:28
says “Feed the church of God, which he
hath purchased with his own blood.”
Since Christ purchased this church with his own blood it is his and he
is the head of it. Paul speaking of
Christ in Ephesians 1:23
says, “and gave him to be head over all
things to the church, which is his body, the fullness of him that filleth all
in all.” I do not know of anyone
who claims that this church was a denomination, and yet it existed on earth in
a visible form and was free from all man-made laws, denominational names and
machinery for some two or three hundred years.
I also want to add that the growth of this undenominational church has
never been paralleled in the history of men. Thousands upon thousands obeyed
the gospel as it was preached by the apostles and other inspired men and were
added by God to his church. The church
in Jerusalem grew to somewhere
around 60,000 within a very, few years. By the close of the first century there
were around one million members of this church in the Roman Empire. This church grew so rapidly that many became
members who were only half converted.
Some of the Pagans brought into the church with them many of their old
Pagan ideas and some of the Jews brought in with them many of the old Jewish
ideas and customs. Thus, it was not long
until the simplicity of the church as given to the world by Christ and his
apostles, was lost because so many Jewish and Pagan customs and doctrines had
been added.
The Falling Away
The apostle Paul
freely predicted a falling away. In 2 Thessalonians 2:3, he said, “Let no man deceive you by any means: for that
day shall not come, except there come a falling away first and the man of sin
be revealed, the son of perdition.”
Again in I Timothy 4:1,3 we
find these words, “Now the Spirit
speaketh expressly, that in the latter times some shall depart from the faith,
giving heed to seducing spirits, and doctrines of devils: Speaking lies in
hypocrisy having their conscience seared with a hot iron: Forbidding to marry,
and commanding to abstain from meats.”
History reveals that this departure came as Paul said it would. The departure from the original pattern of
things was gradual but continuous, until within a few hundred years there had
developed the apostate church of Rome.
This church so changed the name,
doctrine, worship, and practice of the church that if a Christian who had lived
in the days of the apostles had been resurrected and attended the services and
heard the teaching of this church, he would not have known what was going
on. Gradually this apostate church took
the Bible out of the hands of the common people by allowing it to remain in a
dead language, the Latin. Then the
people were told that they couldn’t understand the Bible. They were made to depend entirely on their
religious leaders for all of their religious instructions. This brought on what is known in church
history as the dark ages. Such false
doctrines as extreme unction, purgatory, transubstantiation, celibacy, and
indulgences all came into existence during this period.
The doctrine of
purgatory teaches that one who dies in sin can go on to heaven after suffering
for a while in purgatory. According to
the theory, if a loved one will pay the priest a sufficient sum of money, he
can by his prayers hasten the escape of the deceased from purgatory. The doctrine of indulgence teaches that one
can by the payment of a sum of money to the priest get permission to indulge in
sin without the Lord holding him responsible.
While Martin Luther was serving as a priest in Wittenberg,
Germany, John Tetzel, a
Dominican priest, came through that part of the country raising money for the
rebuilding of St. Peter’s Cathedral in Rome
by freely selling indulgences. This was
more than Luther could endure. He rose
up in holy protest against this corrupt practice. In fact, the church had drifted so far away
from the original order of things that not only Martin Luther, but Zwingli,
John Calvin and others also rose up and publicly protested its many corrupt
practices.
Beginning of Denominationalism
These men had
been members of the apostate church and by their protests had in mind doing
nothing more than reform this church. Their
efforts resulted in the founding of several Protestant denominations. True to the definition of a denomination
already given, these sects were groups of religious dissenters who had pulled
off from an established church, because of their objections to certain of its
practices. But these denominations held
on to many doctrines and practices which were foreign to the church of which
the apostles were members. Finally, it
began to dawn on some that the apostate church had gone too far from the truth
to simply reform it. They could see that
the efforts of the men just mentioned to reform the apostate church had only
resulted in the founding of other unscriptural institutions, known as
denominations.
Church of Christ Restored
In the latter
part of the 18th century a movement was launched in this country by Abner
Jones, James O’Kelley, Barton W. Stone, and later ably championed by such men
as Walter Scott, John Smith and Thomas and Alexander Campbell to restore the
apostolic church in all its purity and simplicity.
Because of the
zeal and success of the work of the Campbells,
the bigoted and prejudiced enemies of this movement gave these Christians the
stigma “Campbellites.” But these
Christians never accepted this name; they could not and be true to their plea. The plea of these men was: “We will go beyond
denominationalism and even the apostate church from which the denominations
came; we will go back to the New Testament itself and restore the church as it
was given to the world by Christ and his apostles.” They said, “We will do this by teaching
everything they taught and refusing to teach anything which they did not teach.
We will do and practice every thing
which they did and practiced, but we will not do one thing which they did not
do and practice.” In other words, they
said, “We will speak where the Bible speaks and we will be silent where the
Bible is silent.” This is what Peter
tells us to do in I Peter 4:11, “If any man speak, let him speak as the oracles of God.” Now this is the plea of the church
of Christ today. We believe that this plea, if accepted and
followed by all, will do away with the apostate church and all denominations
and will restore the apostolic church in all its purity and simplicity. If not, why not? If any man living on earth today does what the
apostles told sinners to do and lives as they directed Christians to live; if
he does this, nothing more and nothing less, it will make of him what it made
of them. If they were added by the Lord
to his church then, he will add such to his church today. And if the Lord’s church was not a
denomination then, it will not be one today.
Did Campbell Found a Church?
When some hear
what I have said, they say, “then Alexander Campbell founded your church.” No! No! Alexander Campbell did not found a
church of his own, he, along with a group of great and good men already mentioned, restored the church which was founded by Jesus Christ and
his apostles in Jerusalem in A. D.
33. If Campbell
had taught a doctrine of his own called Campbellism, then those who followed
his instruction would of course have been “Campbellites.” If I should teach a religious system of my
own my followers might justly be termed “McClungites.” But if I or Campbell or anyone else preaches
the same gospel that the apostles preached, those who hear, believe and obey it
will be Christians. The church
of Christ does not propose to
follow Campbell, but rather to
follow Christ, for some of Campbell’s
ideas were not consistent with the ideas of Christ.
It is said that
William J. Bryan held in his hand some wheat which was two thousand years
old. It was taken from one of the tombs
in Egypt. If this wheat had been planted (providing it
retained its fertility) what would it have produced? Black-eyed
peas? Certainly not! It would have produced wheat, even if none
like it had, been planted or harvested during the intervening two thousand
years. Seed always produces after its kind.
Luke 8:11 says the
Word of God is the seed of the kingdom.
If the same Word of God is sowed in the hearts of men and women today
that Peter sowed on the day of Pentecost, it will make of men and women what it
made then.
A few years ago I
conducted some meetings in Alabama. I ate some very fine watermelons while
there. Suppose that I had brought some
of those seed back to Texas and
planted them, what would they have produced?
Little McClungs? No! Watermelons.
Why? Seed produces after its
kind. Who carries or brings the seed to
you does not have anything to do with what the seed produces. Then why argue that those who heard and
obeyed the gospel preached by Mr. Campbell were Campbellites simply because he
was the one who brought the gospel of Christ and his apostles unto them.
We have a very
popular game in this country called “baseball.”
It is played according to certain rules and regulations. Let us suppose that people gradually lose
interest in the game and quit playing it.
But let us suppose that 1,000 years from now, someone finds a baseball
rule book and starts playing the game according to the rule book. Would that be a new game, or the old game of
baseball restored? If we go back then,
to the New Testament which was the rule book used by the apostles and early
Christians in their religious activities and follow it to the very letter,
adding nothing and taking nothing from it, will we have a new church or the
church of the New Testament restored?
The Church Then and Now
Those who are
members of the Church of Christ
claim that we are members of the same church that the apostles and early
Christians were members. We do not make
this claim because we believe that we can trace a line of succession from the
church here back through some other church and on back to the apostles. (Personally I do not believe that any church
can trace such a line of succession except through heretics.) We make this claim because we believe that we
wear the same name, have the same organization, and teach and practice the same
things they did. If we are not just what
the church was in the days of the apostles, we promise you that we will do our
utmost to become such as soon as we learn wherein we differ. What other church will make such a promise,
or offer such a plea? The only way I
know to determine whether the church
of Christ of today is the New
Testament church restored is to study the New Testament church as described in
the pages of the New Testament and compare it with the church
of Christ of today.
What Was the Creed of the Early Church?
The word creed
comes from the Latin word credo which means I believe. A man’s creed is what he
believes. The early church believed that
Jesus is the Son of God. This was its
creed, its only creed. The early church
never asked people to confess or pledge allegiance to any other creed. This was the creed which Peter confessed (Matthew 16:18). This was the creed which the eunuch confessed
before his baptism and becoming a member of the church. When the eunuch asked, “What doth hinder me to be baptized?” Philip said, “If thou believest with all thine heart, thou mayest.” And he answered and said, “I believe that
Jesus Christ is the Son of God” (Acts
8:36, 37). You will note that nothing else
stood in the way of the eunuch’s being baptized. Thus, the early church did not come together first and vote on those who had made
application for membership. Since the
New Testament is silent on voting on those who desire membership in the church,
we remain silent there also. We ask
people to subscribe to no confession of faith today other than that which
Philip asked the eunuch to confess—that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God.
What Was the Discipline of the Early
Church?
The early church
followed the inspired teachings of Jesus and the apostles, which we now have in
the New Testament. This is exactly what
we use today. If we used more or less, we would lack just that much being the church
of the New Testament. This is also why
we confine ourselves to what they did in the matter of voting on new members
and the confession that we have people to make.
What Was the Organization of the New
Testament Church?
A study of the
organization of the church of which the apostles were members will reveal that
Christ was the head of it. “And he is the head of the body, the church”
(Colossians 1:18). He was its only head. It did not have a head on earth. The apostles were his ambassadors (2 Corinthians 5:20). As such the apostles could speak with
authority to all the congregations Christ is still the only head of the church
and the apostles are still exercising authority over the church through theft
inspired word which they left us in the form of the New Testament (Luke 22:30). Each local congregation, when fully developed,
had its own elders. Acts 14:23 says, “And
when they had ordained them elders in every church.” These elders were also known as bishops,
pastors, and shepherds (Acts 20:28, 1 Peter 5:1, 4). They governed the church along with the
assistance of the deacons. That each
church had its own bishops and deacons can be seen from reading Philippians 1:1 “To all the saints in Christ Jesus which are at
Philippi, with the bishops and deacons.” Each congregation was separate from every
other church or group of churches, subject to no authority outside the local
congregation other than Jesus Christ and his apostles. This is the exact organization which churches
of Christ have today.
Nowhere in the
New Testament do you read of the” Pope’ or the “president” of the church. Neither can you read of the Arch bishop,
cardinal, nor of the general assembly, the convention, the conference, or the
presiding elder. The church of the New Testament was completely free from all
of the denominational machinery, and ecclesiastical systems which can be seen
all about us today. It is true that the
churches of New Testament times supported evangelists or preachers, but there
is nothing to indicate that they exercised control over the churches as
“pastors,” or as a “clergy.” They were a
teaching and not a ruling class (2
Timothy 4:2). The New Testament is
also silent on such expressions as “Reverend,” “Father,” “Rector,” or the
clergy as applied to the preachers. You
will find none of these expressions used in the churches of Christ today to
designate our preachers. This is no
accident. Neither is it because we just
want to be different. It is a part of our determination to “speak where the
Bible speaks and be silent where it is silent.” If we should use any of the above mentioned
expressions to designate our preachers we would lack just that much being the
church of the New Testament.
What Name Did the Early Church Wear?
One of the names
it wore was “church of Christ.” In Matthew
16:18, Jesus said, “I will build my
church.” If I should build me a
house, I would speak of it as “MY house.” If you were speaking of it you would say that
it is “Paul McClung’s house” or the “House of Paul McClung.” In like manner, Christ says, “My church.” But when we refer to this institution, we
speak of it as “Christ’s church” or the “church
of Christ.” In Romans
16:16, Paul writing to the church in Rome, and sending salutations from the
congregations round about him said, “The
churches of Christ salute you.”
In Hebrews 12:23, the church
is called the “church of the firstborn.”
Jesus was the first born from the dead, Colossians
1:18. Therefore the church
of Christ is the church of the
firstborn. In I Corinthians 1:2, the church is spoken
of as the church of God. Again in Acts
20:28,
it is called the church of the Lord. But
from John 17:10 we learn
that what belongs to God belongs to Christ and whatever belongs to Christ
belongs to God. Christ says, “All mine are thine,
and thine are mine.” So it does
not make any difference whether we call it the church
of God or the church
of Christ. Many times in the New Testament it is just
called the church. But if ownership is
shown, it is either of Christ or of God.
The names worn by
all churches have their significance.
They either point to some person who originated them or to some
peculiarity of the group. The name
“Roman” points to Rome, “Lutheran” to Luther, “Presbyterian” to a form of
church government, and “Baptist” to the practice of immersion. A church intending to restore New Testament
practices would certainly have to avoid the use of such names. All of these names had their origin several
centuries after the death of the apostles.
Of What Did the Worship of the
New Testament Church Consist?
The public
worship consisted of: observing the Lord’s Supper, contributing of their money,
singing; teaching the Word of God, and praying.
Weekly observance of the Lord’s Supper was a part of the worship of the
early church. Acts 20:7 says, “And upon the first day of the week, when the
disciples came together to break bread, Paul preached unto them.” This shows that the weekly observance of the
Lord’s Supper was a regular practice of theirs.
This will help you to understand the admonition of Hebrews 10:25 “Not
forsaking the assembling of ourselves together, as the manner of some is: but
exhorting one another: and so much the more, as ye see the day approaching.” Most all churches cite these passages to
justify the weekly assembly of its members for worship. If they authorize the weekly assembly for
worship they also authorize the weekly observance of the Lord’s Supper. Others may observe the Lord’s Supper at Lent,
once a year, quarterly, or monthly. But
the church of Christ
will observe it weekly. We are
determined to follow the example left us by the early Christians.
How did the early
church raise money for the carrying on of its work? I Corinthians 16:2 says, “Upon the first day of the week let every one
of you lay by him in store as God hath prospered him, that there be no
gatherings when I come.” Nowhere
do we find an apostle telling them that the law of tithing was binding; many
gave far more than a tenth. Each gave as
he was prospered, as he himself purposed in his heart (2 Corinthians 9:7). Nowhere
do we read of the early church taxing each member so much. Neither do we read of the early church
staging pie suppers, rummage sales, or parties of any kind to raise money for
the church. Community begging was not
engaged in. Many have been gratified to
find in the churches of Christ today the New Testament pattern of church
finance restored.
In the worship of
the churches of Christ today you will find many prayers offered just as they
were in New Testament times (1 Timothy 2:8). You will also find in our worship singing just
as they sang then. A careful study of
the New Testament will reveal that the singing of the early church was “a
cappella”; that is, it was not accompanied by any mechanical instrument. Paul in giving instruction to the early church
said, “Speaking to yourselves in psalms
and hymns and spiritual songs, singing and making melody in your heart to the
Lord” (Ephesians 5:19).
Their singing was the “fruit of their lips” and made a
sacrifice that was well pleasing unto the Lord (Hebrews 13:15). Knowing
what the early church did in the manner of making music in their worship, if we
are loyal to our plea. “We speak where the Bible speaks and are silent where
the Bible is silent,” we will use nothing but vocal music in our worship. If we should use a mechanical instrument we
would be going on and abiding not in the teaching or doctrine of Christ. In 2
John 9, reading from the American Standard version
we find these words, “Whosoever goeth
onward and abideth not in the teaching of Christ, hath not God: he that abideth
in the teaching, the same hath both the Father and the Son.” Any church that uses a mechanical instrument
in its worship lacks just that much being what the New Testament church was.
What Was the Teaching of the Early
Church as To How To
Become a Christian?
On the day of
Pentecost, Peter preached Jesus as the Christ, the son of the Living God. He called upon the men of Israel
to know assuredly, that God had made the Jesus whom they had crucified both
Lord and Christ (Acts 2:36).
Here he was calling for strong faith. We
know that these people did believe that he was the Christ for verse 37 says, “Now when they heard this, they were pricked in
their heart, and said unto Peter and to the rest of the apostles, Men and
brethren, what shall we do?” Even
though these people believed in Jesus they were not saved. At least they did not think so. Neither did Peter, for in answer to their
question he said, “Repent and be
baptized every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins”
(Acts 2:38). From this we learn that the apostles of the
early church taught men to believe, repent, and be baptized in order that they
might be saved. This is exactly what
churches of Christ teach today. Any
church which teaches a plan of salvation that differs from this lacks just that
much being the New Testament church.
Since the church
of Christ today teaches the same things the apostles taught, since it worships
in the same way, has the same organization, wears the same names, and has the
same creed, we believe that we are the New Testament church and not just a
denomination. Can this be said of the
church of which you are a member?